Networking, Protocols, and Domain Name Service (DNS)

 

The letter "HTTP" found on the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) while surfing the internet is the abbreviation of the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. There is a term "IP address" required for the internet access, and the IP is short for the Internet Protocol. These are the protocol of transferring data via the network connection: the IP is for the internet layer and the HTTP is for the application layer. There are also the other various networking protocols. The layer structure description here mainly follows the OSI Reference Model.

 

The protocols for the application layer are not only the HTTP but also the FTP for the data transfer to the file server, the POP3 for E-mail, and SSL/TLS for the data transfer with encryption for example. The AWS network architecture provides the ostensible sample. The Application Load Balancer (ALB) deals with the internet-facing side of the traffic with the HTTP to the public subnet directly connected to the internet to distribute the traffic access volume to those inside the public subnet. The Network Load Balancer (NLB) deals with the internal side of the traffic with the SSL/TLS to distribute the traffic access volume coming from those in the public subnet to those inside the private subnet. 

 

The SSL/TLS is the protocol also used for the transport layer connecting between the application layer (via the session layer and the presentation layer) and the network layer. The network layer represents the inside network of the on-premises environment connecting the physical layer via the data link layer. The network layer requires its protocol for its data transfer among these physical devices by linking their data together. The network layer is the gateway to outside the on-premises via either the internet connection or the Direct Connect via the transport layer, and this requires the protocol too.

 

 

As shown in the the URL, the HTTP is followed by the domain such as "art-blue-liberalism.blogspot.com".  This is addressing the website with the name which humans are accustomed with while computers are not. Computers understand and process various tasks by means of numbers so they address the website by the number such as the IP address. 

 

Therefore, the networking needs the domain name service (DNS) resolving a name to numbers.  The DNS resolves the domain name such as "art-blue-liberalism.blogspot.com" to the IP address such as 192.0.2.1 in IPv4, and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 in IPv6 (Ref. Wikipedia).

 

There is the DNS allocated in order to transform to manage the domains and the IP addresses among these access connections.  It is similar to the phone book while looking for a telephone number by searching the name of a person or an organisation in the index.

 

The DNS server checks its own cache memory to find an IP address for the domain name when it receives the query. If not found there, then, this query is sent to the root servers, the root of the DNS hierarchy, which are operated by a number of the organization and evenly allocated in the world. But, instead of directly providing the DNS server with the IP address, the root server requests the Top Domain Server (TDS) to instruct the DNS server to find how and where to look for the IP address matching with the queried domain name.

 

Is Monetarism/Neoliberalism bad? Not at all!

Neoliberalism and its mainstream macroeconomic theory Monetarism are not bad theories like these old-fashioned Socialist and the other Left-wingers condemn at all! These theories teach very important socioeconomic lessons for all the individuals to live as long as the monetary economy where individuals use fiat-money for their intermediary of exchange in their daily life thrives to exist. 

Those who are against Neoliberalism tend to blame these theories as the severe survivalist Capitalist political theories leading the majority individuals to deprivation. However, it is the same nonsense as blaming Marxism and the other socialist theories for the disastrous mistakes of the United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). Both Marxism and Neoliberalism contain the non-negligible elements to study the political affairs and the human history. 

- The monetary policy channel instead of the fiscal policy

Focusing on Monetarism as he major base macroeconomic policy of Neoliberalism, the key element of this theory is analysing the nature of the fiat-money flowing into economy as the intermediary of exchange. In the long run, the money value is neutral to the other substances distributed in the world. By contrast, it regards that the change in the money supply volume affects the economic activities and productivity level in the short-medium run. 

Monetarism regards highly of the value of the fiat-money supplied by the central bank which should be supported by its credibility and its market demand. Therefore, it is sensitive to adjust the money supply level to the aggregate production level of this economy in order to avoid the value depreciation. 

It encourages the private sector based economy functioned by the spontaneous order of individual economic agents voluntarily deciding the aggregate production volume according to their needs and wants on spot. It discourages the excess reliance on the fiscal policy cutting tax and increasing the government expenditure while incurring national debts leaving their responsibility of repayment with the inevitably increasing future taxation and cutting the future government expenditure in the long run. Instead, it tackles with the temporary economic downturn by temporary pumping the extra money supply filling the temporary emerging negative output gap. 

- High-Powered Money as the antidote against the deflationary recession

In order to enable the fiat-money to stimulate economy, the velocity power of this money supply which is its value and credibility in both domestic and international market, is required. When individual economic agents appreciate its value and credibility, they find its extra supply as valuable and trustable to use as their intermediary of exchange in both domestic and international market. They may either spend for their exchange or save in their banks using the extra money from their saving account as the extra investment resource for increasing their profit. This is called High-Powered Money theory. 

According to Monetarism, the deflation inducing the recession, the negative output gap, is caused by an error of scaling the optimum market aggregate production level or a false information delivered to economic agents. Thus, the deflationary recession is caused by the stuck money circulation which means the money supply level is not balanced with the aggregate productivity level. In this scenario, the money supply as the High-Powered Money can be increased to directly inject it to economy to equalise it to match with the aggregate productivity level. 

- Killing inflation is more important!

On the other hand, Monetarism regards of Stagflation (the output stagnation + the price inflation) as the excess money supply unmatching with the aggregate productivity level.  Then, the decreasing output caused by Stagflation is considered as the long-term phenomenon which should be solved by cutting the cots including wages of the production even if it means to discourage their business activity level at least for a short run.

The reason to sacrifice the output to suppress the inflation is to maintain the money value as useful to be implemented as the High-Powered Money. Even to protect the employment by maintaining the wage distribution, the real value of their wage/income is consequently reduced when the price inflation, the money value depreciation, is perpetuated. Monetarism is actually a humanitarian political theory against depreciating their income/wage level to avoid consequently treating these employees as the quasi-slave labour. 

Monetarism antagonises the perpetuated inflation even for diverting the negative output gap is bad for economy overall. Even though the extra money supply is injected into the real good and service market to push the output level up, the value depreciation negatively affects the capital market. 

Most of the capital asset value is based on the base money so that the money value depreciation implies the capital asset value depreciation in the international financial market. Almost all the firms producing goods and services are invested by banks and shareholders through the capital market.

In addition, firms in the good and service market also face the import cost up under Stagflation as the excess money supply perpetuating Stagflation. Because all the regions of this world are interdependent on each other so that the relative value decline of the fiat-money used in one regional economy causes the purchasing power depreciation of this regional economy. 

- Monetarist, Consequentialist Ethical Philosophy

Overall, Monetarism supports the gradual and natural economic recovery encouraged by private individuals and firms under the stable market economy propped up by the balanced money supply adjusted to the aggregate productivity level. This ethical policy is what Neoliberalism shares with and aspires to achieve so that Monetarism is the core macroeconomic policy of Neoliberalism.

Monetarism and Neoliberalism are often regarded with a bitter cold attitude towards those suffering from economic downturns by these antagonists. However, it is really a prejudice to accuse them as such because these theories take account of the majority individual citizens such as their about preventing their real income depreciation caused by the monetary value depreciation.

Monetarism and Neoliberalism may be categorised into the Consequentialist ethical philosophy which attempts to maximise the overall net benefits by maximising the sum of the gross benefits while minimising the sum of the various cots as a total at the end. Monetarism criticises the big government policy directly caring their citizens by incurring a massive debt and the non-stoppable inflation depreciating their income and the market value of financial assets in the international market. Monetarism counts on the rationality of each individual's free will and the spontaneous order based on these free wills to recover their economy with the minimum assistance by the small government. 

It does not mean that both Monetarism and Neoliberalism neglect the public support with government assistances. They simply suggest the minimum required assistances. Furthermore, the High-Powered Money of Monetarism maintains the real value of the assistances provided by government and the procurement power of this government gathering the resources for their provision. This is why the European countries implementing Social Democratic socioeconomic policies adopt Monetarism for their core macroeconomic policy.

- Monetarism in Europe

The weight on each different macroeconomic theory which Neoliberalists adopt to follow depends on each Neoliberalist. Some of them mildly adopt Keynesian theory meanwhile the devote Neoliberalists base their thoughts and plans purely on Monetarism. As a matter of fact, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the central banks of Scandinavian countries, whose countries are famous for their Social Democratic socioeconomic policy, follow the monetarist macroeconomic policies especially for their tight prudent money supply policy. This proves that Monetarism is worth referring to not only the economic Right-wing but also the relatively more centralist counterparts. 

Social Democracy is actually the friendly version of Liberal Democracy (Capitalism) (※) and not technically Socialism. Therefore, it makes sense that these Social Democratic European countries are happy to install Monetarism as the principle macroeconomic theory of handling their market economy. Their socially minded intervention is not stimulated by the proactive positive macroeconomic intervention by a central government expenditure or the extravagant money supply from a liberal central bank which Keynesian economic theory often uses. 

    ※ Liberal Democracy and Liberalism by means of this comparison are treated as the synonym of Capitalism, the market economy, because Neoliberalism is mentioned to explain in this essay. Liberal Democracy is therefore the synonym of Neoliberalism here. Then, Social Democracy is the derivation of Neoliberalism rather than Socialism. 

The level of tax and expenditure rarely changes flexibly unlike those adopting Keynesian theory as their core principle macroeconomic policy. Their costs for the socially minded public intervention of these European countries are covered by the tax revenue from the progressive taxation levied on individuals and firms their steadily growing market economy. These European countries especially since 1997 (The European Monetary Union conducted by the ECB was introduced then) have been actually reluctant to artificially stimulate their economy.

It is because their macroeconomic tradition, especially of Germanic and Nordic, puts high priority on prudence over expansion. Their Social Democracy sustains the diverse income distribution allowing the slow but steady human capital development. Therefore, Monetarism matches with their prudent attitude towards economy to slowly but steadily raising their economy backed up by the human capital development requiring the steady continuous public investment in the long run.

- Conclusion: Monetarism and Neoliberalism are good!

In conclusion, having re-evaluated Monetarism and its ethics basing Neoliberalism, it is actually an ethically good functional socioeconomic political philosophy. Their characteristic is simply different and unique from the other political economic theories.  Their quality depends on how, where, and when it is implemented in real.

    To my admiring economists, Irving Fisher and Milton Friedman

Japan The End (Friendly investment advice)

 Many immigrant workers are now leaving Japan because of the current income decline on the top of the excessively hard-working environment. As a matter of fact, Thai wage is so higher than Japanese counterpart that it is not beneficial for these South-Eastern Asians to pay various high costs for their relocation to Japan. This phenomenon represents the end of Japan as an economic power house.

As having mentioned by means of the astrological analysis, Japan will be transformed to be something like the one in the Edo period during the coming two decades. This means that Japan will be furthermore socio-economically and culturally isolated from the rest of the world. The currently ongoing phenomenon caused by the economic power decline can be see as the prelude of the end of Japan!

As having mentioned several times, the Japanese government are reluctant to implement any countermeasure against Japan's socio-economic collapse at all. Well, this is also the responsibility of Japanese nationals electing the same incompetent government perpetuating the multiple decade long recession. These Japanese national citizens are also reluctant to rationally evaluate their own political actions.

It is obvious that Japan will shift to the further decline of its economic and cultural initiative in the world. Because of the declining fertility rate and the reluctance of both the government and the general public for investment to education, the human capital development will be considerably slowed down.This will lead to the further productivity plunging. 

 Moreover, the current Japanese situation also deteriorates its best advantage of seducing consumption and investment which is the service industry. Japan used to be a popular foreign tourist destination because of its once high service quality of its hospitality businesses. By contrast, the declining motivation of Japanese citizens for their daily life as well as business has started to be discouraged.

Only the tradition left in Japan is its highly bureaucratic culture. These Japanese citizens are still loyal to their bureaucratic order even with its notorious inflexibility. The quality of their consistency in office works, factory lines, and corruption prevention in both private and public sector administration will remain as its little left virtue. However, it guarantees that Japan will become a more boring and inflexible place to live for majority autonomic individuals due to the very tight margin of deviation from its rigid social norms and values.

The level of creativity is dropping down in Japan. As seen in the current trend of the subcultural products such as its animation and gaming industries, the brand-new products attracting audiences with a fresh impression is slumping. Instead, most of the well sold products are those of the remakes of the old series whose original ones were created last century. 

Then, it is ostensible to recognise that Japan is not a feasible place to invest your precious financial resources even it has recently become cheaper to buy the assets there due to the current Japanese Yen (JPY) depreciation. The aggregate productivity of Japan will plunge furthermore especially due to the human capital decline. 

The best option to purchase the Japanese assets will be investing to only those which are merged or annexed to the multinational firm. The foreign executives are much more competent to replace the irrational endogenous policies and mentalities of Japanese firms. In addition, majority Japanese are subservient to their authorities regardless of their ethnic origin so that they follow the reformed management policies implemented by these multinational shareholders. Combining the rational management by foreign executives and shareholders and the loyal labour-force is an attractive characteristic for investors.

Only the legitimate and productive purpose of living in Japan for foreigners is having a Japanese significant other i.e., a spouse, a loving partner, a concubine, etc. Japanese tend to have their day-dreaming nostalgic image in foreign worlds and often seek the foreign DNA of these individuals coming from abroad. Therefore, even under the socioeconomic deprivation, living in Japan for these foreigners with a Japanese significant other might enjoy their stay in Japan because their significant other and her/his family and relatives will protect you somehow even in a socioeconomic hardship. 

Overall, it is already Japan the end, and its beginning has already taken place. There will be no such once a major economic superpower nation state called Japan: The remaining there is the empty shell of its unproductive inflexible bureaucratic structure and the hopeless mobs simply as the remnants of this ethnicity barely nesting this archipelago. Because of the coming decades of the macroeconomic winter, the aggregate investment volume in the world is likely to fall so that there will not be enough investment flowing into Japan. Nobody will not notice Japan's existence, the remote edge of the world which only the few will show their interest in the existence of, any more.

Excel File: Ricardian Equivalence Simulator

 

Click https://uranaisearchastrology.files.wordpress.com/2022/07/recardianequivalencetest-1.xlsx to download.

You may simulate how individual economic agents react to keep/change their consumption-saving proportion by means of both the income effect (consumption + saving/borrowing) and the utility function showing their propensity to consume.

The income effect is calculated with the income of each time period (Yt), the interest rate for borrowing and saving (r), the additional interest payment rate of incurring debt (+d), and the wage growth rate (g).

The utility effect is calculated with the quadratic equation opening downward whose maximum is set differently for each different propensity to consume. 

Click https://uranaisearchastrology.files.wordpress.com/2022/07/recardianequivalencetest-1.xlsx to download.

The interesting factor is that the number of the economic agents drastically change their preference of incurring debt to increase consumption over saving only when the inflation rate is significantly higher than the interest rate in terms of this simulator.

By contrast, under the severe recession/depression where the inflation rate and the wage growth rate are negative, the economic agents rather change their attitude to save more than spending and those with the substantially high propensity to consume simply disappear.  The current saved income as well as the future value of the debt borrowed at the past become higher so that they rather change their attitude to save more. 

The propensity to consume is fixed regardless of any situation unless either the high inflation or the severe depression strikes. Therefore, as long as the economic agents behave rationally to their income effect, the Ricardian Equivalence holds.

 

The Unlimited Capital Growth Model

 Is there any enough for the capital investment? Many tend to assume there is a cap on the economic development when the capital quantity exceeds a certain proportion to the labour quantity because it simply becomes too much for the scale of this economy. The problem is that this assumption is often used as an excuse for government and banks for neglecting their responsibility of slowing the economy. It is important to evaluate whether there is a certain limit of economic development or there is an unlimited potential for economic development.

As a matter of fact, the developing countries have succeeded in emerging with a remarkably high production growth significantly faster than the developed countries. It is ostensible that these developing countries lack the physical capital required for improving their living standard which is visible to decide where the future capital investment is necessary. Therefore, there is always a motivation for citizens and foreign asset management firms to expect a high growth potential to invest there. 

By contrast, the developed countries look already sufficient with the physical capital. The recession is often understood as the sign of excess supply of the production compared to its demand and the maximum capacity of the economic development. Therefore, it is often judged as a good opportunity to cut down the unnecessary capital invested to economy even through individual citizens suffer from the depression caused by their income growth stagnation and job loss. 

There are three macroeconomic theories of the productivity growth model, the Neoclassical economic exogenous growth model based on the fixed production of physical capital and labour, the endogenous growth model based on the human capital development, and the growth model of the New Economic Geography (NEG) economics. There is an innovative model combining the exogenous growth model and the endogenous growth model together as shown in the graph. The NEG economic growth model involves the demand side effect on the top of the supply-side effect explained in this article so that it is complex enough to need another separate article to explain. (Please kindly read already posted articles in this blog)

The productivity growth based on the labour and the physical capital is dependent on the exogenous factor such as the technological growth and the outside investments. The government do not need a complex analysis of finding their need of expenditure for the public work projects because their lack of physical stuff is visible. The private banks tend to be willing to voluntarily invest there because their investment return for the filling physical capital shortage. The productivity growth speed is faster at the low capital ratio to the human labour counterpart while it gradually diminishes as it is reaching towards the certain optimum proportion of the physical capital investment required for the human habitant population.

By contrast, the human individuals are not the mere labouring workforce working with the fixed manual for operating the physical capital such as machineries, auto-mobiles, and offices. These human labour workforces are actually the human capital contributing to the furthermore productivity growth on the top of the physical capital. Economy is composed of not only physical goods produced by the hardware i.e. the physical capital but also the complex value-added goods and various services provided by humans such as catering, computer engineering, consulting, and sales. Knowledge and experience are strongly tied up with their productivity levels and contingent to the other human workers to copy. Moreover, the combination of existing products to invest a new product is infinite. 

In particular nowadays, the ability level of taking an advantage of the information technology (IT) is a notably significant factor for improving the productivity level. For example, the IT service products such as the software and the cloud services are made of the computer programming codes. Their production efficiency cannot be measured by the classical economic model because it is highly dependent on a human individual's skill and experience. Furthermore, the manufacturing businesses are shifting towards the internet of things (IoT) so that the IT becomes the key of optimising the production processes with the programmed automation and the production flow optimisation. Therefore, knowledge and experience of each human individual has become the critical factor of the production growth.

With comparison to the emerging phase of the economic growth backed up by the physical capital growth, the productivity growth based on the human capital growth is slow. On the other hand, the counterpart with a certain limit to the productivity growth. The key factor of accelerating the human capital growth model is the education level because human individuals need a certain level of intelligence and adaptability to obtain new knowledge and experience. 

The return from investing to education takes long to capture while there is little or no short-term financial gain. This is why private banks are reluctant to invest there. This is why it requires the public sector investment to stimulate the educational development. Furthermore, adult individuals had better have the access to the safety net while leaving a job for joining the future education or a job training for a certain period. Otherwise, the currently ongoing socioeconomic problem will be considerably challenging. 

Employers should not underestimate the contribution potential of employees. Many employers still tend to treat their employees as expendable and replaceable as the simple labour force by ignoring their potential to become the human capital. Their knowledge and skills gained through their job experience are precious enough to be a long-term asset of this firm. Their human resource management should consider their payment for their employees as not only the wage cost but also the investment to the human capital.

In conclusion, considering the unlimited productivity growth potential, there needs to be a continuous stimulus to an economy to solve the socioeconomic problem. The income stagnation as well as the employment issues including both unemployment and misemployment because of the perpetuated economic growth stagnation in many developed countries. Hence, individual citizens should not be fooled by the excuse of their negligence perpetuating the socioeconomic problems.

The Japanese Anarchist Communism

The current world socioeconomic situation is still gloomy. In particular, the socioeconomic situation of Japan is indeed depressing. On the top of the multiple decades of the income growth stagnation, the current stagflation (output stagnation + price inflation) perpetuated by the Japanese Yen (JPY) depreciation in the foreign currency exchange deteriorates individual citizens' daily life. The growing mental illness issues as well as the rising suicide rate are worrying as the sign of the moral and social crisis. Is it the problem of Japan itself? Or is it different from how Japan originally was? In the past, there was a political theory introduced as the antithesis of adopting the modern Western industrialisation and materialist ethics to Japan. So, let's evaluate.

In Japan, there were some politicians who were advocated to Anarchist Communist before the World War 2 (WW2). Even though this policy was not put into practice in real, this political movement was influential to the various contemporary rebellious political factions against the contemporary Western capitalist imperialism. This influence is non-negligible for explaining the spiritualism of the contemporary status quo Touseiha administration during the WW2 despite their different political characteristics.

A former Japanese government bureaucrat 柳田国男 (Kunio Yanagida) was inspired by an Anarchist Communist philosopher Kropotkin whereas he was a strong Japanese nationalist at the same time. Yanagida had a unique attitude towards the issue of the Japanese monarchy Tenno system. He attempted to restore the pre-modern traditional Tenno system linked to the original Shinto shamanism while criticising the current modern monarchism strongly tied up with the modern nation state and its modern state capitalism. His own plan was to establish an Anarchist Communist state of Japan based on the decentralised pastoralist environment where all the autonomous individual habitants mutually cohabit together with their own free will.

Yanagida was sceptical about adopting the modernisation to Japan because its nation state and capitalism seemed to have deteriorated Japan and her citizens despite its promise for improving their lifestyle with the materialistic development. The modern nation state capitalism not only prioritise those elites living in the top structure but also discourages the voluntary contributions of individuals and their community aiding individuals together. The free trade which the modern capitalism insists on interrupts an autocratic individual living in their own unique lifestyle by imposing the instant materialist seduction. This seduction to the instant materialistic pleasure has undermined the peaceful pastoralist environment providing individual habitants with the humble but well-secured lifestyle.

The theory of Gaia explains that the centre pole of the world energy flow has already been shifting from London, the U.K. to Awaji Island, Japan (Known as the sacred birthplace of Japanese civilisation blessed by the divine pair of Izanami, the Goddess of creation, and Izanagi, the God of creation, in Shinto mythology). This implies that the political and spiritual domination is shifting from Anglo-Saxon regime to Japanese counterpart. Majority spiritualists describe that this is the drastic shift from the materialistic masculine 陽 (Yang) element to the spiritualist feminine 陰 (Ying) element. This may induce the decay of the modern industrialist characteristic of the modern Japan as well as the reincarnation of the mystic shamanistic matriarchy of the ancient Shinto-ist Japan.

By means of understanding this theory of Gaia, it can be worth off to re-evaluate the Anarchist Communism explained by Yanagida. The material prosperity will be lost furthermore due to Japan's further insolation from the global economic network caused by Japan's loss of its economic initiative. On the other hand, Japan will start focusing more on the non-material beings such as the local community network and the spiritual well beings. The interesting factor nowadays is that the number of Japanese citizens practising some spiritual rituals as their daily habit such as chanting mantra and playing Yoga is increasing. This phenomenon seems to gradually initiate the spiritualist pastoralism introduced by Yanagida.

The totalitarian state communism based on the nation state statism backed up by the orthodox Marxism is an obsolete rebellion countering the modern industrialism and the capitalist ideology. The orthodox Marxism contains an intensive Yang element which is the cohesive paternalistic autocracy inducing a high risk of provoking a war and other excess conflicts. Therefore, this intensive Yang characteristic will not be accepted by the world shifting to more Ying characteristics.

The idea of Communism should not be monopolised by the orthodox Marxists; There is a variety of Communism which actually challenges against the orthodox Marxian style and is compatible with Liberalism. There have been various new political philosophical movements of challenging the combination of capitalism and modern nation state government. Michel Foucault was a remarkable philosopher accusing the oppressive characteristics of the entire modernity. 

Foucault's philosophy is often criticised as an anachronistic because he seemed to romanticise the pre-modern feudalist society to a certain extend. Yet, his theory clarifies how the emerging modernity with its nation state and capitalism has deteriorated individuality of autonomous individuals by forcing the conformity to the ruling class interests and the entire monstrous mechanism of the modern nation state. His idea was to respect each unique characteristic of individuals not undermined by an institutionalised socioeconomic structure, and his policy is often introduced as the postmodern Anarch-Syndicalism. 

Perhaps, this postmodern Anarchist Communism introduced by Michel Foucault might emerge in the future Japan when the aforementioned energy power pole-shift from the Anglo-Saxon Yang to the Japanese Ying is completed. It will be the ideology combination of Foucault and Yanagida to establish a postmodern mutualist socio-economy if it is realised. This will be a synthesis of the pastoral communitarian cooperative virtue and the postmodern individualistic enlightenment challenging against the paternalistic authoritarianism of the modern nation state and capitalism. 

All in all, if Communism rises to counter Capitalism, this might be predicted to be in Japan by referring to both the political science and the theory of Gaia. Perhaps, the current suffering of Japan might be the birth-pang for transforming the current modern nation state capitalist Japan into the new alternative such as this pastoral mutual cooperative state of Anarchist Communist kind.